高频词汇与短语用法分析

基于仓内当前可核对的同等学力英语真题 Part II Vocabulary 整理。

当前已纳入统计的年份：2010-2023（其中 2010-2012 为旧卷，仅计入与历年同型的 Section A 画线词题），外加 2025 年可确认的部分题目，样本共 148 题。

2026 年词汇预测（复现替换对、优先语义场、答题三步法）见考点预测。

模拟卷安排与错题复盘记录见模拟卷记录与复盘。

考前 10 分钟速览版见词汇速背版。

未纳入主统计的年份：2024（题面已补录，答案为本站推导、待核对，暂不并入统计）。

延伸阅读：词根词缀速记，词根定核心义、前缀定方向、后缀定词性，先拆构件再记同义替换。

一、已核实词汇总表

2025 年（部分可核实）

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性	备注
11	suspend	halt	v.	已核实
13	blunder	mistake	n.	依据仓内表格
14	put into practice	apply	短语	依据仓内表格
15	assess	evaluate	v.	依据仓内表格
16	slump	decrease	v./n.	依据仓内表格
17	realms	areas	n.	依据仓内表格
18	eligible	qualified	adj.	依据仓内表格
19	appeal to	attract	短语	依据仓内表格

2023 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	affirms	confirms	v.
12	remarks	opinions	n.
13	trait	feature	n.
14	context	situation	n.
15	called off	canceled	短语
16	fragile	delicate	adj.
17	give out	disclose	短语
18	liability	responsibility	n.
19	coat	cover	v.
20	inclined	leaning	adj.

2020 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	interval	break	n.
12	sparsely	thinly	adv.
13	authorized	licensed	v./adj.
14	critical	crucial	adj.
15	leaf through	browse	短语
16	denied	refused	v.
17	commuting	travel	n./v.
18	china	special	n.
19	in excess of	more than	短语
20	set aside	dismiss	短语

2021 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	cling to	stick to	短语
12	beneath	below	prep.
13	consolidate	strengthen	v.
14	perspective	viewpoint	n.
15	sharp	dramatic	adj.
16	delicate	weak	adj.
17	out of date	unfashionable	短语
18	under no circumstances	in no case	短语
19	consensus	agreement	n.
20	literally	actually	adv.

2022 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	substantial	heavy	adj.
12	shielding	sheltering	v.
13	recipe	secret	n.
14	lens	perspective	n.
15	virtually	completely	adv.
16	catch up with	follow	短语
17	transcend	exceed	v.
18	ample	enough	adj.
19	curb	control	v.
20	put across	explain	短语

2019 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	rigorous	strict	adj.
12	normally	usually	adv.
13	presumed	supposed	v.
14	alien	unfamiliar	adj.
15	calls for	requires	短语
16	made it all up	invented	短语
17	consequences	results	n.
18	validity	truth	n.
19	diminished	declined	v.
20	deficiency	lack	n.

2018 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	diversity	variety	n.
12	once in a while	occasionally	短语
13	intuition	instinct	n.
14	sensitive	responsive	adj.
15	stepped down	resigned	短语
16	immersed	absorbed	adj.
17	initiated	launched	v.
18	complied with	observed	短语
19	diminished	decreased	v.
20	superficially	apparently	adv.

2017 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	dismissed	laid off	v.
12	idea	illusion	n.
13	reluctantly	unwillingly	adv.
14	give rise to	created	短语
15	elaborated	explained	v.
16	deception	fraud	n.
17	deliberate	intentional	adj.
18	wear off	disappear	短语
19	tolerate	put up with	v.
20	in terms of	with regard to	短语

2016 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	alertness	sensitivity	n.
12	find fault with	criticize	短语
13	brought forward	advanced	短语
14	sufficient	enough	adj.
15	surpass	exceed	v.
16	prospects	outlook	n.
17	burned out	exhausted	短语
18	merging	combination	n.
19	eligible	qualified	adj.
20	barely	hardly	adv.

2015 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	options	choices	n.
12	atmosphere	gases	n.
13	hostile	unfriendly	adj.
14	carry out	implement	短语
15	dispersed	scattered	v.
16	insert	put in	v.
17	deteriorated	worsened	v.
18	likewise	also	adv.
19	beyond	outside	prep.
20	accidentally	unexpectedly	adv.

2014 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	at the mercy of	under the control of	短语
12	aggressively	vigorously	adv.
13	lest	for fear that	conj.
14	representation	presentation	n.
15	scrutiny	examination	n.
16	handsome	considerable	adj.
17	attributed to	caused by	短语
18	promote	encourage	v.
19	optimum	most desirable	adj.
20	consists in	lies in	短语

2013 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	informed	latest	adj.
12	eventually	finally	adv.
13	ceased	stopped	v.
14	demonstrated	showed	v.
15	admission	entrance	n.
16	away from	apart	短语
17	turn out	produce	短语
18	make up	compose	短语
19	on purpose	deliberately	短语
20	foreseen	expected	v.

2012 年

2010-2012 为旧卷，Part II 分 Section A（11-20，画线词同义替换）与 Section B（21-30，选词填空）。本表与全篇统计仅含与历年同型的 Section A，Section B 为旧题型，未并入。

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	remarks	speech	n.
12	take after	resemble	短语
13	devastating	destructive	adj.
14	comply with	observe	短语
15	imbalanced	uneven	adj.
16	hold back	check	短语
17	inquiry	investigation	n.
18	make way for	give space for	短语
19	approximately	roughly	adv.
20	confined	restricted	v.

2011 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	overlooked	neglected	v.
12	obliged	compelled	v.
13	originality	creativity	n.
14	deliberate	intentional	adj.
15	scarcely	hardly	adv.
16	trapped	caught	v.
17	hazardous	dangerous	adj.
18	in the neighborhood of	approximately	短语
19	obstacle	barrier	n.
20	lean on	count on	短语

2010 年

题号	画线词/短语	正确选项	词性
11	purposefully	deliberately	adv.
12	get down to business	begin our work	短语
13	convert	turn	v.
14	observe	follow	v.
15	interpretation	explanation	n.
16	commitments	obligations	n.
17	at stake	in danger	短语
18	as opposed to	in contrast to	短语
19	surpasses	exceeds	v.
20	disturbing	troublesome	adj.

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二、高频词汇统计

1. 按词性统计

统计样本共 148 题（2010-2012 仅计 Section A），其中：

类型	数量	占比
单词词义辨析	108	73%
短语/固定搭配辨析	40	27%

在 108 道单词题中，名词最多（33 题），动词次之（31 题），形容词 24 题、副词 14 题；另有复合词性 3 题（slump、authorized、commuting）、介词 2 题（beyond、beneath）、连词 1 题（lest）：

类别	代表词	特点
动词	suspend, assess, surpass, consolidate, convert	常考常见动词的近义替换
名词	trait, liability, scrutiny, consensus, deficiency	常考抽象名词和学术名词
形容词/副词	fragile, deliberate, rigorous, sufficient, deliberately	常考语气和程度判断

2. 已复现高频词

以下词或同义关系在已核实年份中出现 2 次及以上：

词汇/关系	出现情况	说明
eligible → qualified	2016, 2025	资格类高频
enough 类语义	sufficient → enough；ample → enough	数量充足类高频
deliberate 族	2010, 2011, 2013, 2017	“故意”考了四次：purposefully → deliberately、on purpose → deliberately、deliberate → intentional（2011、2017 两次同型）
surpass → exceed	2010, 2016；transcend → exceed（2022）	“超过”高频，exceed 三度作正确选项
comply with → observe	2012, 2018	同一短语同型替换两次；observe 另在 2010 年作画线词（observe → follow）
remarks	2012, 2023	同一画线词两次：remarks → speech / remarks → opinions
diminished	2018, 2019	同一画线词两次：diminished → decreased / diminished → declined
perspective	2021, 2022	2021 年作画线词（→ viewpoint），2022 年作正确选项（lens → perspective）
make up	2013, 2019	一词两义：make up → compose（构成）、made it all up → invented（编造）
“大约”语义链	2011, 2012	in the neighborhood of → approximately；approximately → roughly
“几乎不”	2011, 2016	scarcely → hardly；barely → hardly
stop 类语义	ceased → stopped；suspend → halt；called off → canceled	“停止/取消”是稳定高频语义
explain/show 类语义	demonstrated → showed；elaborated → explained；put across → explain；interpretation → explanation	“解释/展示”类高频
control/cause 类语义	at the mercy of → under the control of；attributed to → caused by	因果与支配关系常考
large/more 类语义	substantial → heavy；in excess of → more than	程度与数量比较高频

3. 高频语义场

按语义归类，历年词汇题最常考的是以下几类：

语义场	代表题目
停止/取消	cease, suspend, call off, wear off
资格/适用性	eligible, qualify, sufficient, ample
解释/说明/展示	demonstrate, elaborate, remarks, interpretation, trait
因果/归因	attribute to, give rise to, consist in
态度/倾向	reluctant, unwillingly, inclined, deliberate
遵守/遵循	observe → follow，comply with → observe（2012、2018 两次）
限制/约束	confined → restricted，trapped → caught，hold back → check
超过/大约	surpass → exceed，transcend → exceed，approximately → roughly
程度/变化	diminish, slump, deteriorate, beyond, virtually

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三、高频短语与固定用法

1. 真题直接考过的短语

短语	常见义项	真题替换/对应表达	年份
put into practice	将……付诸实践	apply	2025
appeal to	对……有吸引力	attract	2025
called off	取消	canceled	2023
give out	泄露；分发	disclose	2023
leaf through	翻阅；浏览	browse	2020
in excess of	超过；多于	more than	2020
catch up with	跟上；赶上	follow	2022
put across	解释清楚；传达	explain	2022
cling to	紧抓不放；坚持（信念）	stick to	2021
out of date	过时的	unfashionable	2021
under no circumstances	绝不	in no case	2021
calls for	需要；要求	requires	2019
made it all up	编造	invented	2019
once in a while	偶尔	occasionally	2018
stepped down	辞职；下台	resigned	2018
give rise to	引起；导致	created	2017
wear off	逐渐消失	disappear	2017
in terms of	就……而言	with regard to	2017
find fault with	挑剔；指责	criticize	2016
brought forward	提前	advanced	2016
burned out	筋疲力尽	exhausted	2016
carry out	执行	implement	2015
at the mercy of	任由……摆布	under the control of	2014
attributed to	归因于	caused by	2014
consists in	在于	lies in	2014
away from	离开；远离	apart	2013
turn out	生产；产出	produce	2013
make up	构成	compose	2013
on purpose	故意地	deliberately	2013
take after	（长相、性格）像长辈	resemble	2012
comply with	遵守	observe	2012
hold back	抑制；忍住	check	2012
make way for	为……让路	give space for	2012
in the neighborhood of	大约	approximately	2011
lean on	依靠	count on	2011
get down to business	办正事；进入正题	begin our work	2010
at stake	处于危险之中	in danger	2010
as opposed to	与……相对/相反	in contrast to	2010

2. 需要重点掌握的“规定用法”

这些不是简单背中文意思，而是要连同搭配和语境一起记：

表达	规定用法	说明
eligible for	be eligible for sth.	表“有资格获得/申请”
attribute A to B	attribute A to B	表“把 A 归因于 B”
appeal to sb.	sth. appeal to sb.	表“某事物吸引某人”
be authorized to do	be authorized to do sth.	表“被授权做某事”
catch up with sth.	catch up with sth.	表“跟上进度/理解已进行内容”
carry out a plan / task	carry out sth.	表“执行计划、任务、调查”
call off a class / meeting	call off sth.	表“取消活动”
give out information	give out sth.	在真题里考“泄露信息”，不是“分发试卷”
in excess of	in excess of sth.	表“超过……”
leaf through a book	leaf through sth.	表“快速翻阅”
be inclined to	be inclined to do / toward sth.	表“倾向于”
in terms of	in terms of sth.	表“从……方面来说”
put across an idea / point	put across sth.	表“把观点表达清楚”
consist in	consist in sth. / doing sth.	表“在于”，不要和 consist of 混淆
wear off	pain / effect wears off	表“效果逐渐消退”
comply with	comply with rules / decisions	表“遵守规则、裁决”，2012、2018 两次考到
get down to sth.	get down to (doing) sth.	to 是介词，表“着手处理正事”
make way for	make way for sth.	表“为……让路、腾出空间”
call for	call for sth.	表“需要、要求”，等于 require
lean on sb.	lean on sb. = count on sb.	表“依靠某人”
cling to sth.	cling to a belief / view	表“坚持信念、观点不放”
under no circumstances	句首用部分倒装：Under no circumstances should we…	表“绝不”，语序是考点

3. 高频易混短语

真题表达	易混表达	区别
consist in	consist of	前者是“在于”，后者是“由……组成”
give out	give off	前者常指“分发/泄露/用尽”，后者是“发出（气味、热、光）”
call off	put off	前者“取消”，后者“推迟”
carry out	work out	前者“执行”，后者“算出/解决/锻炼”
catch up with	keep up with	前者偏“追上进度/内容”，后者偏“保持同步”
in excess of	in need of	前者表“超过”，后者表“需要”
turn out	make out	前者可表“生产/结果是”，后者多表“辨认出/理解”
step down	slow down	前者“下台/辞职”，后者“慢下来”
make up	make up for	前者真题考过“构成”（→compose）和“编造”（→invent）两个义项，后者是“弥补”
as opposed to	in terms of	前者“与……相对”（2010），后者“就……而言”（2017），都是介词短语但义不同
under no circumstances	for no reason	前者“决不”（句首倒装），后者“没有理由”，2021 年互为干扰项
take after	take on	前者“长得像/性格像”，后者“承担/雇用/呈现”

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四、数据观察与备考记录

1. 词汇题不是单纯背单词

真题的核心是同义替换，但命题方式更偏向：

• 常见词换近义表达
• 短语换固定搭配
• 抽象义而不是字面义

2. 短语题占比稳定偏高

在当前已核实样本里，短语/固定搭配题占 27%。这意味着复习时不能只背单词表，必须同步记：

• 动词 + 介词/副词
• 固定搭配的常见宾语
• 易混短语之间的语义边界

3. 投入顺序参考

建议按下面顺序复习：

1. 停止/取消/变化类动词与短语
2. 因果/归因/说明类表达
3. 资格、倾向、态度类形容词和固定结构
4. 真题反复出现的短语搭配

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五、待补年份

2010、2011、2012、2019、2021 的词汇题已补录完整并并入统计，本文已按 148 题样本重算（其中 2010-2012 为旧卷，仅并入与历年同型的 Part II Section A 画线词题，Section B 选词填空未计入）。2024 年词汇题面已补录（答案为本站推导、待核对），暂未并入；接入权威答案后并入，样本可扩至 158 题。

此前的两处“待复核”题已依完整题面修正：2018 年第 18 题实测短语为 complied with → observed（题面画线词排版错位）；2020 年第 20 题实测短语为 set aside → dismiss（画线词在转录中丢失），两题均已纳入主统计。

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标注说明：〔待补充〕表示原始资料缺失、无源可考，非编写遗漏；全站标注体系见使用说明。

参考资料

• Wikipedia · Vocabulary
• Wikipedia · Academic Word List

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